"Progressive", when used within the context of U.S. politics, is pretty well synonymous with "socialism" as well as with "fascism." In other words, "We know what's good for you, so hand over the money and your civil liberties."
Somebody needs to read a history book. The progressive movement was started in the late 1890s, but would not gain political attention until the assassination of President McKinley, which put Republican Theodore Roosevelt into the presidency. T. Roosevelt was the first progressive movement president, and the president who got the US Government out of the political quagmire it had gotten stuck in post Civil War. It was this quagmire that actually brought about the Progressive movement.
With the closing of the civil war, the US government was divided between the liberal Republican party(liberal swapped definitions a couple decades later) and the Democrats. The main source of this division was over the question of how to treat the secessionist states after the war. The Republicans, for the most part, were interested in punishing the south, and using the funds from that for integration of the freed slaves into society. The Democrats, for the most part, wanted to admit the states back into the union without any punishment, and to focus on reconstruction. Due to this split, there was a need for a strong leader in the Presidency. Unfortunately, that strong leader was assassinated, placing Andrew Johnson into power. Johnson was not a strong leader in any regard, and was easily pushed around by both sides. Thus started a long procession of presidents who weren't very strong, and a government that was too divided to do much of anything.
During this time, the Industrial Revolution that started in the 1830s was in full swing. With the US government removed from the equation due to its weakness, business leaders filled in the gap. This was referred to as the Gilded Age because of the extravagance of the period. This was a time of industrial leaders such as J.P. Morgan, Carnegie, Gowen, and Rockafeller, and the economy was operating at a very high level. Unfortunately, it was also a time of very large disparity between the rich industrial leaders, and those who worked for them. Safety wasn't the largest of concerns, resulting in worker deaths, and wages tended to be quite low for the workers. Nowhere was this more apparent than in the coal fields, specifically the anthracite fields of Pennsylvania. During this time, accounting practices were not well established, and it was relatively easy to start a mine. As such, there was a huge mining boom which flooded the market with anthracite coal, which was used across the eastern seaboard in order to heat houses. Because of this, the price of coal dropped significantly, and most mines were operating in the red. This caused mine owners to cut corners in safety, and pay a very small wage to the miners themselves. Then, due to the concentrated nature of the fields, the railroads stepped in. In the northern and middle field, there was some competition between the Lehigh Valley, and other railroads, but the larger southern field was controlled almost entirely by the Philadelphia and Reading. At the head of this company was Franklin Gowen, a ruthless and despicable man. Under Gowen, the P&R bought up his own coal company and started the Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company. This company then began to purchase and close mines, driving up the price of coal. For the remaining mines Gowen drastically cut the price he was willing to give to the mines themselves for their coal. If the mine owner refused, then the P&R would bypass the mine with the trains. At this time, the P&R was pocketing about 80% of the profits from the sale of the coal. Because the mine owners weren't getting much money at all, the miners themselves were gouged as well. As such, they didn't have what is called a living wage, or enough money to actually live off of, forcing them to live off of the coal company. With no government regulations at the time, there was nothing that could be done in order to alleviate this problem except for striking. Unfortunately for the anthracite miners, they didn't even get the chance. Gowen, in order stave off a strike, turned a local bogeyman into a terrorist organization. These were the Molly Maguires. The Molly's were something brought over from Ireland, and were blamed whenever something bad would happen in a mine. Rotten timber broke? Must have been the Molly Maguires. Gowen turned that into a legitimate terrorist organization, and after going through two Pinkerton agents, brought the case to court, resulting in the execution of several prominent mine workers. Because of this, unionization in the anthracite fields would stagnate until 1902.
The spread out nature of the western PA bituminous fields allowed the mine owners to maintain control and competition to flourish. Eventually, the mine owners and mine workers teamed up, and the United Mine Workers of America gained strength after several strikes in the 1890s. Eventually, they gained enough power to orchestrate a strike in not only the Bituminous fields, but the Anthracite fields. This was the Great Anthracite strike of 1902.
In the fall of 1902, the coal miners in the Western PA fields, as well as the Anthracite fields unified and staged a strike. The timing was perfect, as winter was coming, and the plight of the mine worker was thus transformed from something that didn't affect most people in the cities, to a legitimate crisis. Anthracite was the main heating source for homes and businesses for the eastern seaboard. Without coal, there was fear of wide scale freezing. This forced the government's hand, causing them to step in. Specifically, Roosevelt.
Roosevelt reviewed both sides of the issue, and eventually sided with the miners, decreeing that all working citizens of the US had the right to a living wage. Of course, during this strike, the West Virginia fields decided not to strike. As a result, the bituminous mining focus switched to West Virginia, giving them a brief time of prosperity before the death of coal turned the region into one of the most depressed in the country, unlike the regions that decided to strike, and thus were more independent of the coal companies and thus were able to survive the decline better.
This is one of the bigger parts of the early Progressive movement, though it is part of the larger whole. During Roosevelt's presidency, he focused on helping to give rights to the now, for the most part, unionized labor force, and busting up the massive monopolies that had started up. This allowed the economy to continue to grow, and no longer be subject to the whims of the big companies. (It wasn't uncommon during the Gilded Age for companies to crash the economy by calling debts in order to crush rivals that couldn't whether the panic as well. The Panic of 1893 was the direct result of the PRR calling the debts of the P&R in order to stop a merger.) It also allowed prices to fluctuate properly again, no longer being controlled by price fixing schemes. Roosevelt also created lots of regulation in order to help the industries deal with the new strain of a higher paid workforce. Roosevelt also cut down on government corruption, specifically kickbacks from corporations.
The Progressive Movement, in a nutshell, was a movement to regulate business practices so that every company had a fair chance to succeed, prices were able to fluctuate properly via supply and demand rather than being controlled by the companies, and that the workers were provided a living wage and a working environment that wasn't unnecessarily dangerous. This is hardly the idea of socialism, except in the absolute broadest of terms.
The movement petered off a little and changed focus after Roosevelt, until Woodrow Wilson took office. Under Wilson's Presidency, the Progressive Movement started to get back on track and gain momentum again. Then the US entered WWI, and the movement died. Due to wartime needs, the focus on more independent industries in competition with each other was counter intuitive. During this time, most of the Progressive Movement gains were reversed. It was during this time that the US took control of corporations almost entirely, most famously the railroads with the formation of the USRA. Then the war ended, and the realization that if someone wanted to, they could take control of the entire production of the US for their own gains hit, and this consolidation was broken up similarly to the way it was during the start of the Progressive movement.
The wartime measures are closer to your quote of "We know what's good for you, so hand over the money and your civil liberties."
Unfortunately now a days, the Progressive movement is falsely associated with socialism, thanks to our ratings driven media, and people who take what the TV tells them at face value, rather than actually doing research of their own. It is also associated with fascism, which just goes to show how dumb people really can be when it comes to just repeating what they hear on TV or from word of mouth. Fascism and Socialism are the opposite ends of the political spectrum.
Sorry for the lengthy history lesson, but it really annoys me when people butcher history with their ignorance/greed.
Edit: I just feel like I should add this disclaimer:
I do not care what your political views an opinions are. That being said, should your political opinion on a certain subject be completely wrong, based on Historical evidence, I will correct you. Actually, that goes for non politcal stuff as well. Pretty much, if you get history wrong, I will mention something.