"... Usually a Conductor first (@ $5000 outlay for your own money for an unpaid training course in Georgia)..."
This is no longer the case if going for CSX or NS. The company that used to do this training went out of business after bilking a lot of money out of would-be students. CSX and NS offer their own training at their own facilities. From what I've read, and have spoken to people about this, is these training courses are quite intense, require a ton of studying, a lot of tests, and a lot of discipline. Safety violations are grounds for an automatic dismissal. One foolish mistake, even fooling around, and you're out with no chance to try again. You get below a certain level on the tests. I think it's 85% on the exams, you're out. All of this can happen on the last day. You could pass all the quizzes and small tests, but flunk the final, and out you go particularly the rulebook and the signal test. You then have to pay your own way home. They'll pay your way down and back from the training facilities if you pass.
After that you go into a trial period, you then go work at the railroad terminal where you were hired, and go for more training later on. If you mess up then, you're out no questions asked. If you then pass everything, you go on to "mark up" and get put on the job boards, which you need to check for assignment. You go in at the lowest level first, get the worst jobs, and you must take them until you work up enough seniority. Marking off time, or not showing up without a reason, means you can get fired if you do this more than once or twice. A railroader's life is hard. There is little time off for holidays, birthdays, and other fun time. You work when you're called, and can be called 24 hrs, 7 days per week when you are on call.
Read the posts here on the CSX and other railroad's hiring process.
http://www.railroad.net/forums/viewforum.php?f=2&sid=3557428c245d9a5bb887c160a7a15ae0
I will be honest. The job hours and little time off are a lot like working as a computer operator, or system/network administrator. For over 15 years I worked in this aspect of the high-tech industry. For that period, I had no Christmas, Thanksgiving, or New Year's holiday off. While my coworkers went on vacations and spent time away, I was there rebooting servers, backing things up and replacing worn out parts. The reason is we had to work because the systems had to remain operation 24 x 7 365 days per year. We used the holidays to perform maintenance on the systems while the users were not there. We also ended up working Friday nights, other evenings and weekends to ensure systems were up and running the next day should a system need a PM (preventative maintenance) done. While everyone was out having fun on Friday, I was there rebooting servers, upgrading antivirus patches, and doing OS patches. All of this could not be done while the users were on the system because the systems could not be down while they were in the office.
John