There are some amazingly long iron ore trains in the Pilbara of Australia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_trains
Which states beside other countries about Australia:
Australia
Rio Tinto—29,500 tonnes of iron ore—2.4 km, three locomotives
BHP Billiton Iron Ore typically 336 cars, 44,500 tonnes of iron ore, over 3 km long, six to eight locomotives including intermediate remote units.
Leigh Creek coal - 2.8 km, 161 wagons and 2 locos.
In the Soviet Union the longest and heaviest freight train ran on February 20, 1986 from Ekibastuz to the Urals, was carried out with the coal train. The composition consisted of 439 wagons and several diesel locomotives distributed along the train. The mass of is 43,400 tonnes and the total length of 6.5 km (4.03 mi).
The above are all ore or coal trains but for passenger trains, again in Australia:
Australia – up to 49 coaches (approximately 1.2 km) on The Ghan. I can confirm that as I used to live in Alice Springs, 1500 km into the 3000 plus km long Ghan route and I have seen some of these huge passenger trains stopping there. As well as huge freight trains running along the same route to Darwin and back with often up to 200 freight wagons or more, usually container well cars or such attached. As this 3000 km route is relatively flat all the way, seldom are more than 4 locomotives seen pulling such trains.
FYI
VinnyBarb