https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SL_X60
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SL_X60
X60 is the designation of
Storstockholms Lokaltrafik's (SL) new
Coradia Nordic-model
commuter trains, which replaced all the older commuter trainsets between 2006 and 2017. They are
electric multiple units manufactured by the
French manufacturer
Alstom at their plant in
Salzgitter,
Germany.
Contents
Background
The original cars for the
Stockholm commuter rail service, called
X1, were delivered between 1967 and 1975. A batch of new cars, designated
X10, were delivered between 1983 and 1993. These two sets of cars made up the backbone of the fleet from 1967 until 2005. As time went on and passengers demanded more comfortable travel and more features, SL came to realize that it was time to replace the older stock completely. The
Regina model by
Bombardier Transportation was originally considered, but was factored out due to poor acceleration and the lack of entrance doors, leading to the development of the brand-new X60 model.
The driving cab of the X60B is equipped with
ERTMS/
ETCS, which is to be installed on the X60/X60A
Delivery of the first 71 X60 sets took place from 2005 to 2008, and a further 12 identical units followed in 2012 with the designation X60A. These trains have been replacing the older stock as they are delivered. Service with the X60 was inaugurated on 13 August 2005 at
Stockholm Central Station.
Since 2016, 46 new sets, designated as X60B, are being added to the fleet. They are similar to the X60 and X60A but have several new components, including support for
ERTMS/
ETCS signalling equipment, which is planned to be installed in the new
Citybanan tunnel and the rest of the commuter train network. For this reason, the X60B cannot be connected to the older X60 and X60A until the older trains have received the new onboard computer.
The X60B cars are required because of the need to withdraw the older X10 cars, as the Citybanan stations have
platform doors which are adopted to the X60, X60A and X60B, and all trains using the tunnel needed to have their doors on the same distance from each other as the original X60.
Safety and comfort
Each car is 107 metres (351 feet) long and consists of six
articulated portions. Each car can seat 374 and take 530 standees. Two such cars coupled together make up a full-length train. It is easy to go through the entire car to find an empty seat, or to move if one part of the car is crowded, and the design also provides visibility through the length of the car, which SL's passenger surveys found was important in order to help passengers feel safe. SL has also specified lower backrests in the X60 to improve visibility all the way through the car.
Boarding and alighting from the new train is intended to be much easier than doing so on the older commuter train stock. At each
door, and in 92% of each car, the floor is at the same level as the station platforms. This means a significant quality improvement for all passengers but particularly for the mobility-impaired.
X60 interior
The actual technical parameters include 92% of the total floor space of each car having a floor height of 760 mm (30 in) rising to 830 mm (33 in) at the gangways, and a maximum floorheight anywhere in the wagons of 1,080 mm (43 in). The trains can travel at speeds of up to 160 km/h (99 mph) although they are only actually used at speeds of up to 140 km/h (87 mph) in Stockholm - a speed of 80 km/h (50 mph) is reached within 20 seconds. The trains have a width of 3.258 m (10 ft 8.3 in) and a height of 4.280 m (14 ft 0.5 in) above TOR, and a full length of 107.1 m (351 ft).[SUP]
[1][/SUP] The train is built in accord with the new nominal platform height of 800 millimetres (31 in) specified for Stockholm commuter trains, higher than the normal
Swedish Railway Administration's standard of 500 millimetres (20 in). Passengers notice a significant improvement in the form of a much lower floor height compared to the earlier stock, making boarding and alighting much easier than before.
In each car there are "flexible areas" that have room for
wheelchairs,
baby carriages and
bicycles.
Another new feature is that the trains are equipped with
air conditioning in both the passenger and cab areas. The seats have been designed in collaboration with leading
ergonomists and representatives for SL passengers.
All cars have
security cameras installed, just like the new
Stockholm metro cars; this can contribute to increased security. Naturally, other safety details have also been carefully worked out, such as fire safety, with the use of
nonflammable and
self-extinguishing materials.
Higher environmental standards
High
environmental standards have shaped the choice of materials in the new commuter trains. 95% of a car can be recycled when they are ready to be scrapped.
When the trains brake, the
3-phase motors act as
generators and return
electricity to the system rather than converting power to heat, as on a friction brake system. The current that is produced is conducted back to the
overhead lines. If there is another train in the same electrical section, this train will use as much of the generated energy as it can.
X61
Main article:
X61 (railcar)
X62
Norrtåg X62 trains