From what I've been reading the gates/lights and bells are suppose to start when the train is about 30 seconds away and the gate should be down at about 20 seconds away.  I can't find any charts or list with mph and feet.  I might do some testing to see how far a trigger should be placed for a loco traveling at different speeds and the gate activating when the train is 30 seconds away.  May take awhile but if I do I will post the results here.